Izinto onokuzonwabela ezinento yokwenza nomculo
Ukugqibela kuhlaziywe: NgoAprili 5, 2019
Eli phepha lenkcazelo linokukunceda uqalise ukufunda ngeminye imithetho nezinto ezifunekayo zokubhalisa ezisenokusebenza kwinto yakho enokonwatyelwa ebandakanya umculo kuAirbnb.
Nceda uqonde ukuba eli phepha lenkcazelo liqhelekileyo, alibanzi, kwaye alikho icebiso elisemthethweni. Eli phepha lenzelwe ukukunika umbono weentlobo zemithetho enokusebenza kwinto yakho enokonwatyelwa nokukunceda uqonde ezinye zezinto omele uziqwalasele ngokuphathelele into yakho enokonwatyelwa.
Njengombuki zindwendwe wezinto ezinokonwatyelwa, ulawula izinto ezinokonwatyelwa ozinikelayo ibe ngumsebenzi wakho ukuqonda nokulandela nayiphi na imithetho efanelekileyo. Amazwe ahlukeneyo anemfuno ezahlukeneyo zelayisensi kunye nemithetho. Eli nqaku linokusebenza njengendawo yokuqala okanye indawo onokubuyela kuyo ukuba unemibuzo. Kodwa nceda ukhumbule ukuba ayiphelelanga, ayinawo amacebiso ezomthetho, kwaye asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthembeka okanye ukuchana kwayo nawuphi na umthombo. Kufuneka ujonge ukuze uqinisekise ukuba imithetho kunye neenkqubo azizitshintshi kutshanje.
Imigaqo esisiseko yezinto ezinokonwatyelwa ezinento yokwenza nomculo
E-United States, umculo ukhuselwe ngumthetho wokushicilela ngaphandle kokuba ukwindawo kawonke-wonke. Xa umsebenzi unelungelo lokushicilela, kuthetha ukuba umnikazi walowo msebenzi unamalungelo athile akhethekileyo kulo msebenzi. Ukuba udlala umculo ebudeni bento yakho enokonwatyelwa (okanye udlulisele into onokuyonwabela kwi-intanethi), kusenokufuneka ufumane iilayisensi ukuze wenze njalo. Izinto ezahlukeneyo malunga namava akho, kuquka indawo, indawo, kunye nohlobo lwezinto ezenziwayo, ziza kuchaphazela ukuba zeziphi iilayisensi oza kuzifumana, kodwa kuzo zonke iimeko, imbopheleleko iya kuba kuwe okanye kwindawo.
Ukufumana ilungelo lokwenza okanye ukusebenzisa umculo rhoqo kufuna ukungena kwisivumelwano selayisensi. Isivumelwano selayisensi esisebenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo siya kuchaza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, apho unokudlala khona umculo, umculo onokuthi udlale njani (kwaye usenokungasebenzisi) umculo, kufuneka uhlawule malini ilungelo lokusebenzisa umculo, ixesha okanye ixesha lelayisenisi, kunye noko ukuxela ukusetyenziswa komculo, ukuba kukho, kusenokufuneka. Ukungaphumeleli ukufumana ilayisensi echanileyo kunokubangela ityala lokwaphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela, umonakalo oqala kwi $ 750- $ 30,000 yeedola zaseMerika ngomsebenzi ngamnye owaphulwayo, kwaye ukuya kutsho kwi $ 150,000 yeedola zaseMerika ngomsebenzi ngamnye owaphulwayo ukuba ukwaphulwa komthetho “kungenangcono.”
Kukho imiboniso emibini kumculo: (1) i-copyright kumsebenzi womculo (owaziwa ngokuba yinto yokwakheka), equka amanqaku omculo wengoma kunye namazwi; kunye (2) i-copyright kwindlela ethile yokusebenza, njengoko kufakwe kwirekhodi yesandi. Ingoma erekhodiweyo, efana nengoma kwi-CD, inemisebenzi emibini enamalungelo okushicilela: ukurekhodwa kwesandi segcisa esenza umsebenzi womculo kunye nomsebenzi womculo ngokwawo.
Imisebenzi yomculo idla ngokuba yeyomnikazi okanye ilawulwa ngumntu ophangela umculo, ibe ukurekhodwa okuvakalayo kudla ngokuba ngumnikazi okanye ulawulwa ziileyibheli zerekhodi. Nangona kunjalo, ilungelo lokwenza imisebenzi yomculo esidlangalaleni-kungathi kwi-CD okanye i-LP okanye yibhanti elisebenzayo ngokuqhelekileyo lilawulwa yi-Performing Rights (ii-PROs), ezona zinkulu zimbini eMerika yi-ASCAP kunye ne-BMI. Amazwe angaphandle kwe-United States aphantse abe NEPRO enye, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ii-PRO ezininzi, kunye nee-PRO ezahlukileyo ezilawula amalungelo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomculo. Imisebenzi yomculo idla ngokuba nomnikazi welungelo lokushicilela ongaphezu kwenye, kuba abantu abaninzi banokubhala ingoma kunye, ngenxa yokukwazi ukuba umbhali-nye umntu osebenzisana naye angabela amalungelo akhe kwindawo eyahlukileyo yomculo kunye nee-PRO ezahlukileyo. Usenokufuna imvume evela kubameli abahlukeneyo baba bhalisele ukwenza umsebenzi esidlangalaleni, kuba ii-PRO kunye neendawo ezininzi zomculo zinika kuphela iilayisensi ezinomdla okanye zokulawula kwingoma.
Ngenxa yokuba ilayisensi yomculo isenokufuna imfuneko yokufumana amalungelo kubanikazi abaninzi belungelo lokushicilela, kufuneka ucinge ngokucebisa ngeengcebiso zomthetho ezinamava ukuze uqinisekise ukuba onke amalungelo afunekayo afunyenwe. Nguwe omele ahlole ukuba umculo ufuna ilayisensi nokufumana nayiphi na ilayisensi efunekayo.
Funda ukuba ilayisensi yomculo iyafuneka na kwinto yakho enokonwatyelwa
Ukuba ubuka iindwendwe kwinto onokuyonwabela apho umzobi uza kwenza khona iingoma, kusenokufuneka ufumane amalungelo omculo kuphela. Imithetho efanayo isenokusebenza ukuba ubuza kuba nexesha elimnandi kwi-Intanethi, nangona ukuphumula kusenokunceda amalungelo ongezelelekileyo, kuxhomekeka kwindlela i-livestream eyenziwe ngayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, indlela ephilayo yomzobi ayizukuquka ukurekhoda okuvakalayo ngaphandle kokuba bedlala kwindlela elungisiweyo. Ngokungafaniyo, umcimbi we-karaoke usenokufuna ukufumana amalungelo kuzo zombini imisebenzi yomculo kunye nokurekhodwa kwesandi, esenokuba yahlukile kunengxelo yesandi esikhutshwe ngezoshishino ekusenokwenzeka ukuba uyithenge kwi-CD okanye kwi-iTunes. Ukusebenzisa i-karaoke, kusenokufuneka ufumane amalungelo okubonisa amazwi kumsebenzi womculo. Ukuba wenza umsebenzi womculo esidlangalaleni-ukuba ngokudlala umculo orekhodiweyo okanye ukuba nomzobi osebenzayo-emva koko kusenokufuneka ufumane ilayisensi yokusebenza kawonke-wonke KWI-PRO.
Umthetho okulula wokwenza ubhontsi kukuba ukuba wenza (okanye wenze) usebenza ngomculo kwindawo evulekileyo ebantwini, kufuneka ufumane iilayisensi zokusebenza zikawonke-wonke zemisebenzi yomculo. Ukuba wenza ukurekhoda okuvakalayo, okanye ukwenze, ngoko usenokungayidingi ilayisensi yokusebenza kawonke-wonke, kodwa kufuneka udibane negqwetha ngaphambi kokugqiba.
Ukongezelela, kusenokufuneka ufumane iilayisensi ukuba wenza iikopi zomculo ongekho mgangathweni njengenxalenye yento yakho enokonwatyelwa, njengeekopi ozenzayo kwiiCD ukuze iindwendwe zakho zibonelele, okanye ukuba urekhoda into onokuyonwabela uze ufune ukuyenza ifumaneke kwi-intanethi emva koko, mhlawumbi kufuneka okanye ngendlela efunekayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba zombini umsebenzi womculo kunye nabanikazi bokurekhoda isandi banamalungelo akhethekileyo okuvelisa kunye nokuhanjiswa, kunye nokwenza iikopi zemisebenzi yomculo kunye nokurekhodwa okuvakalayo okanye ukuhanjiswa kweekopi zayo kunokufuna imvume yabanikazi belungelo lokushicilela.
Ukwazi ukuba umculo ungaphantsi kokukhuselwa kwelungelo lokushicilela kufuna uhlalutyo oluhlaziyiweyo kwimeko nganye. Umthetho olula wokuthupha kukuba ukuba umculo ukhona okanye uvela ngaphakathi kwiminyaka eliqela edlulileyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba unelungelo lokushicilela. Ukhuseleko lwanga mthetho luhlala ixesha elide kakhulu, ngoko xa uthandabuza, usenokucinga ukuba ikhuselekile. I-Cornell University 's copyright Information Centre sisixhobo esiluncedo ukunceda ekufumaneni ukuba umsebenzi ukwindawo kawonke-wonke eMerika. Ixesha lokukhuselwa kwelungelo lokushicilela kwimisebenzi yomculo kunye nokurekhodwa okuvakalayo kuya kwahluka ngelizwe.
Ukufumana ilayisensi yomculo
Ukuze ufumane ilayisensi yokusebenzisa umculo, ungaqhakamshelana nabanikazi belungelo lokushicilela lomculo okanye abameli babo abagunyazisiweyo.
Ukwenza Amalungelo Amagqugwane (ii-PRO)
Abaqambi baseMerika, abathandanayo, kunye nabaphathi be-pub badla ngokujoyina I-PRO ngokunika IPRO ilungelo elingenalo ilayisenisi yomculo wabo kwaye banyanzelise amalungelo abo okusebenza kukawonke-wonke. E-United States, ii-PRO eziphambili ziyi-American Society of Composers, i-Apred, kunye neQueen (ASCAP), Umculo Wosasa, Inc. (BMI), SESAC, kunye ne-Global Music Rights (GMR). Kusenokubakho nezinye ii-PRO ezilawula izinto ezisebenzela umculo omncinci othandwayo. Ii-PRO zidla ngokuzinika iilayisensi zengubo ukuze zenze yonke imisebenzi ezimeleyo. Kuxhomekeka ekubeni yintoni umculo ofuna ukuwusebenzisa kwinto yakho enokonwatyelwa, usenokufuna ilayisensi kwi-PRO enye okanye ngaphezulu. Ii-PRO zidla ngokubonelela ngesixhobo sokujonga kwakhona kwiwebhusayithi yabo. Ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni umculo oza kwenziwa kwangaphambili, unokukwazi ukubona abanikazi belungelo lokushicilela okanye abameli bezo zisebenza ngenye yezi zixhobo zokujonga.
Kumazwe angaphandle kwe-United States, ababhali beengoma badla ngokuzinika amalungelo abo KWI-PRO ukuze i-Pro ibe liqumrhu lodwa elinokugunyazisa ukusebenza kukawonke-wonke komculo wombhali weengoma. Kufuneka uqhakamshelane NE-PRO kwilizwe lakho ukuze ubuze ngeelayisensi ezinokufuneka kuyo nayiphi na into onokuyonwabela. Khumbula nokuba kusenokubakho ii-PRO (okanye ngaphezulu) ezigunyazisiweyo ukuba zilayisenisi yoluntu yemisebenzi yomculo kunye nezinye (okanye ngaphezulu) ii-PRO kwilizwe eligunyazisiweyo ukuba lifake imboniso yoluntu yezinto ezirekhodiweyo zesandi.
Khumbula ukuba isitulo esasetyenziselwa ukuchaza amalungelo omculo asenokuhluka kwilizwe. Ii-PRO zinokubizwa ngokuba zii-Compley Management (okanye ii-CMOs) okanye iiNkampani zeLayisensi yoMculo (okanye ii-MLC). Ubukhosi obhatalwayo obusekunene bunokubizwa ngokuba “ngasekunene komrhumo.” Kwaye ilungelo lokwenza ukurekhoda isandi isenokubizwa ngokuba“ ilungelo elingummelwane.”
Imidlalo kawonke-wonke yokurekhoda izandi
Ukuba uceba ukuba umculo orekhodiweyo odlalwe kwizinto onokuzonwabela eMerika, indlela ebonwa ngumntu wonke yokurekhoda izandi isenokungafuni ilayisensi, ngenxa yokukhutshwa komthetho. Amazwe angaphandle kwe-United States ngokuqhelekileyo awanako ukukhululwa okunjalo ngoko kusenokwenzeka imithetho eyahlukileyo iyasebenza. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo ngokusetyenziswa okuthile kokurekhodwa okuvakalayo eMerika, ungabuka iwebhusayithi yeSoundExchange, Inc., umbutho ongenzi nzuzo owenzelwe ukuqokelela nokusabalalisa ubukhosi kwimidlalo ethile kawonke-wonke kunye nokwenza iikopi zokurekhoda izandi.
Iileyibheli zomculo, umculo, amagcisa omculo kunye namagcisa
Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa imisebenzi ethile yomculo okanye ukurekhoda ngesandi ebudeni bento yakho enokonwatyelwa kwaye ukhetha ukuya ngqo kubanikazi be-copyright yemisebenzi enjalo, ungayenza loo nto (ubuncinane eMerika). Nangona kunjalo, le nto idla ngokuba yinkqubo yexesha, kwaye iinkampani ezinkulu zisenokungakwazi ukuphendula izicelo zelayisensi nganye. Ukuba uqeshe umzobi ukuze enze into enokonwatyelwa kwaye umzobi ubhale umculo wakhe kwaye uyenza, ngoko igcisa likwazi ukukunika ilayisensi ethe ngqo yomculo wayo. Ukukwazi ukunikezela ngelayisenisi ethe ngqo kuya kuxhomekeka ekubeni baye banikela na amalungelo abo kumntu wesithathu, njengendawo yokugcina umculo okanye i-CMO. Ukuba umzobi unike amalungelo omnye umntu, ngoko, nokuba ubhale umculo, usenokungabi negunya lokukunika ilayisensi ethe ngqo. Kule meko, kufuneka ufumane ilayisensi KWI-PRO okanye kwi-CMO, kuxhomekeka kweliphi ilizwe.
Ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele
Ezinye iindawo zisenokuba nemithetho ethintela ingxolo okanye ifune iimvume zokuzonwabisa.
Licebo elihle ukubuza kwibhodi yokwabiwa kwendawo okanye ukuceba ukuba ingaba ikhona na imithetho yasekuhlaleni inciphisa iindlela zendawo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba isetyenziswe ngento yakho enokonwatyelwa.
Ukuba into yakho enokonwatyelwa iza kubandakanya ukudibanisa umculo nenye into eyenziwayo, qiniseka ukuba ujonga amanye amanqaku ethu okuKwamkela iindwendwe onenkathalo ukuze uqalise ukuphanda ukuba imithetho eyahlukileyo isebenza njani kwinto yakho enokonwatyelwa.
Ukujongana nomculo kunokuba nzima. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngayo nantoni na enento yakho enokonwatyelwa, siyakukhuthaza ukuba uthethe negqwetha. Ukuba ubuka iindwendwe kwinto onokuyonwabela eMerika, kukho izinto eziluncedo yi-U.S. Private Office.
UAirbnb akanaxanduva lokuthembeka okanye ukulungiswa kwenkcazelo ekuyo naziphi na iilinki eziya kwiindawo zezinye iinkampani (kuquka naziphi na iilinki zomthetho nemigaqo).
Ukungaphumeleli Ababuki Zindwendwe ukwanelisa uxanduva lwabo kunokuphumela ekunqumamiswe kwinto eyenziwayo okanye ukususwa kuAirbnb.
Izinto eziluncedo ezongezelele
I-American Society of Abaqambi, iialam, kunye nezilwanyana (ASCAP)
Umculo Woscotholakahle, Inc. (BMI)